QUOTE(uniquenutrition @ Sep 2 2007, 07:04 PM) [snapback]420983[/snapback]
Well if the producer does not have a GMP lab or the materials are not safe it is possible. Alcohol does not work against everything.
I agree. For instance, I think alcohol cannot kill spores, since these are, in fact, a design that bacteria use in order to survive (in latent state) very harsh conditions. With spores the problem usually isn't the spoure itself (except in the case of infants, in whose intestines some spores can germinate), but giving the spore the good conditions it needs in order to germinate. They require water activity.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_activityWater activity or aw is the energy state of water in a substance. It is defined as the vapor pressure of water divided by that of pure water at the same temperature; therefore, pure distilled water has a water activity of exactly one.
As the temperature increases, aw typically increases, except in some product with crystalline salt or sugar.
Higher aw substances tend to support more microorganisms. Bacteria usually require at least 0.91, and fungi at least 0.7. See fermentation.
Water migrates from areas of high aw to areas of low aw. For example, if honey (aw ≈ 0.6) is exposed to humid air (aw ≈ 0.7) the honey will absorb water from the air.Thus, in the case of honey, even if it has a high moisture content it has a low (0.5 - 0.7) water activity value, because the sugar it contains binds most of that moisture and therefore that water it's not available for the bacteria.
Therefore, the problem is not that of alcohol killing or not killing those bacteria but of having enough water activity. If vodka for instance has a water activity level of less than 0.7 it will be quite safe, regardless of whether the etanol contained therein does or doesn't kill those bacteria.
My guess is that a beverage with a 40% ethanol should have a low water activity, since that would be enough to bind most of that other 60% of water, can anyone confirm this?