Another side of GPA,this just reinforces how much it sucks that Phenogen was a poor seller:(
Brain ATP Metabolism in Hypoxia Resistant Mice Fed Guanidinopropionic Acid.
D. Holtzmana, M. Browna, E. O'Gormanb, E. Allredc, T. Wallimannb
Feeding beta-guanidinopropionic acid (GPA), a competitive inhibitor of creatine transport, decreases mortality and increases brain ATP stability in hypoxic mice. To study brain ATP metabolism in GPA-fed animals, respiratory rates were measured in grey matter and white matter slices as well as cerebral hemisphere mitochondria from GPA-fed mice and rats. Creatine kinase and adenylate kinase activities were measured in rat cerebral grey matter and white matter. Respiratory rates and oxidative phosphorylation were the same in GPA-fed mice and control mice. The adenylate kinase activity increased 50% and creatine kinase showed a small decrease in grey matter. In white matter, creatine kinase increased 50% while adenylate kinase decreased. Thus, GPA produces opposite adaptive changes in adenylate kinase and creatine kinase in grey matter and in white matter. These results suggest that the creatine kinase reaction in grey matter acts to regulate cellular ADP and ATP concentrations.
Below is Spook's write up on Phenogen(the only supplement produced which contained GPA for the right reason and corresponding dosage) with relevant studies on GPA at the conclusion:
http://www.avantlabs.com/phenogen.html
