Can you predict evolution? Sure, if you know what the problems are it has to work on, then you can predict what kind of changes it will favour. Lets take a look at human appetite. Its obvious it is not adapted to modern dietary composition and opportunity.
So, it could be expected that if there is a selective pressure towards one form, i.e. a reasonably lean form, at least in the main reproductory years, then there will be a pressure to develop better nutrient sensing for controlling appetite.
This could take various pathways. We could expect population genetic changes that help the body assess total energy stored and reduce appetite accordingly.
And other pathways that could also evolve to the same end, could include better carbohydrate sensing after eating. The levels of carbohydrates sensed in the gut or other key target organ will become more sensitive, so that sensing of sweetness can be calibrated effectively by the brain to the actual calorie intake, requiring that it can wait for digestion, and then control postprandial appetite with a longer period of saitey to compensate for the invisible calories absorbed by sugared beverages, and thereby avoid rthe confusion that sweetness may (perhaps in humans) cause when it is highjacked by non-calorific sweetners like aspartame. Alternatively, a more complex sugar sensing system, for glucose, fructose and sucrose may emerge, in the mouth that can discriminate between types of sweeteners. This would definitely emerge if lack of calories often enough caused death by starvation.
Better identification of total energy levels arriving from the gut, and better sensing of individual components of the diet, including triglycerides, fructose and glucose, and independent control over disposal will also be needed to overcome diabetes.
So genes related to those ends will be needed and become advantageous if selective pressures are maintained.
There are many other diet related examples of what the organism will likely try to evolve. Better manufacture of EFA's from precursors would be one aspect, and yet, ability to avoid the impact of trans fats.
There will be a general population trend world wide towards the better antioxidant production, due to loss in the diet, and glutathione improvements will be needed along with genes for more agents that deal with AGE's. Agents that reduce enhanced lipid peroxidation etc.
Magnesium needs glutathione, and magnesium is very commonly deficient in Western populations. The solution will need to include better transport and retention of magnesium to where it is needed.
Taste Buds - the ability to discriminate between nutrient poor and good foods needs to replace the MSG prone Umami sense which no longer predicts nutrient richness. The ability to discriminate against foods that are low in important minerals and also detect toxic levels of heavy metals and if possible, dioxins.
Hormonal System - the hormonal system will need to build a robust signaling system for male attributes, and restrict / regulate estrogenic signaling pathways - this will be very difficult.
Behaviorally - increased energy availability should increase activity to meet modern work and life needs, with reduced rest requirements. Selection for genes associated with ADHD is already happening and it could be related to these pressures. Counter to increased resting metabolism and activity, is the micro-nutrient deficiencies that are common, and this will require separate development to aid greater energy usage. Increased work capacity also raises income potential and increases drive to reproduce after work!
Wild calorie excess could be accompanied with reduced sleep length needed, increased metabolism, and maybe also tissues that can combust energy naturally for no other reason than to burn it up - i.e. retention of brown fat cells into adulthood a possibility. In colder climates at least, this is a sensible development but it would need colder homes and workplaces.
In addition to increased activity drive, the ability to learn new tricks throughout adulthood with a selection against normal aging gene expression (behaviorally and neurologically) to cope with constant job and workmate changes, and more changes in social network will be needed. The capacity of key brain circuits that aid multitasking varies so genes can become more common for that in elite groups.
Emotional coping with change, improved communicational skills especially verbal, also genetically regulated, will be needed, along side lowered sensitivity to poor social support networks and a reduced agression response.
Immune System Regulation - a lot of changes are needed, but the above partially addresses that!
New immune techniques for identifying brain viral and parasite infections. These seem to be increasingly implicated in outbreaks of debilitating fatigue and mental health problems. This would include blocking the capacity for these parasites to evade detection in the brain by blocking expression of infected signals to the
Amygdala and OFC changes may be particularly selected for!
GUT - Extensive evolutionary pressures would exist in the gut and in the management of appropriate, nutrient generating bacteria. Overcomming effects of macro-nutrient changes
Improved iron regulation in the body to cope with the modern paradox of deficiencies and excesses of iron depending on risk group like being young versus older women.
Detoxification and removal pathways - will need to increase to eliminate heavy metals or better store mineral nutrients like iron.
Vitamin D3 production - increases in all adaptations in favour of this.
Other changes can be predicted in man, if this western lifestyle is maintained - also consider, that this western lifestyle would result, impact of medicine not withstanding, in dramatically different evolution of westerners versus those in the third world, eventually leading to totally different species unless population mixing globally is high across all communities:
Light sensing - the ability to avoid melatonin impairments caused by modest and artificial light, by changes in the body clock and interaction with body clock control over the rebound nitric oxide mediated sleep system. By putting these two mechanisms together in a more robust way, the organism can selectively ignore at key time periods predicted by accurate body clocks, the impact of blue light on the body clock on the skin and in the brain, at night time, and prevent deficits in melatonin production. Additionally, there would be a trend towards less and less time asleep. Genes which help people cope with sleep loss will be selected for.
New immune techniques for identifying brain viral and parasite infections. These seem to be increasingly implicated in outbreaks of debilitating fatigue and mental health problems. This would include blocking the capacity for these parasites to evade detection in the brain by interfering with there ability to block expression of 'I'm infected' signals to the immune cells, for example.
Due to increasing age of parenthood, a selection of all factors that maintain genetic integrity and also reduce aging rates of tissues by increased activation of key pathways coupled with increasing energy metabolism.
Improved DNA repair and regulation in the face of multiple modern insults etc
Well that's just for starters. Those are amongst the trends I think we will see in the numbers of particular genes, gene expression and copy number, ignoring the possible impact of medicine and awareness driven lifestyle changes.
In other lifeforms there will be all sorts of changes, but one might be towards metabolic pathways that have never existed before to suddenly emerge - due to electromagnetic pollution - lifeforms could grow on mobile phone microwave emitters for example, because the microwaves, if specifically caught by particular proteins will enable energy to be potentially captured to assist the cells functions. How long that would take who knows, but it could eventually happen if the current tech is used long enough, at powerful emitters.